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How Laser Eye Surgery Works

Laser eye surgery is a procedure used to correct abnormalities in patients’ corneas. Laser eye surgery is a relatively painless procedure. It relies on laser technology to improve or to completely correct a person’s vision. This can permanently reduce or eliminate the need for corrective eyeglasses or contact lenses. Recovery time for laser eye surgery is generally very short, and the procedure is relatively painless.

LASIK, a common type of laser eye surgery, is short for laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis. This simple procedure can be completed by a doctor in less than one minute per eye. The procedure consists of two rather simple steps. First, the patient’s eyes are numbed with drops so the procedure cannot be felt. Then, a suction ring is placed to immobilize the eye, keeping it steady for the procedure.

During the first part of the surgery, a circular flap is cut into the cornea. The doctor folds this flap back and uses a laser to remove tissue from the cornea. The doctor makes the cuts in different places depending on whether the patient is nearsighted or farsighted. This forms it into a more normal shape. Once the cornea is reshaped, the patient can better focus light on his or her retina. After the reshaping is complete, the surgeon replaces the flap that was cut. It requires no stitches, as the cornea heals itself.

Complications are extremely rare in laser eye surgeries. Most complications occur during the first part of the procedure when the doctor is cutting the flap in the outer corneal layer. Some surgeons now use computer-guided lasers to cut the flap rather than the handheld tool used in the past. These computerized lasers are still not the norm, but they are becoming more commonly used for the first step of laser eye surgery.